Paleontology Glossary

essential terms and definitions for paleontology and dinosaur science.

Terms related to dinosaur body structure, skeletal features, and physical characteristics.

Appendicular Skeleton

The bones of the limbs and their supporting girdles (pectoral and pelvic). Differences in appendicular …

Axial Skeleton

The central supporting column of the body, comprising the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. …

Clade

A group of organisms consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants. Dinosauria, Theropoda, …

Cranial Crest

A bony projection on the top of the skull, often used for display, species recognition, …

Dermal Armor

Protective bony or keratinous elements embedded in or growing from the skin. Ankylosaurs are the …

Fenestra

An opening or window in the skull. Dinosaur skulls typically have multiple fenestrae that reduce …

Gastralia

Belly ribs found in theropods and some other archosaurs. These thin bony elements helped support …

Nasal Horn Core

The bony base beneath a horn, composed of bone rather than keratin. In ceratopsians like …

Opisthopubic Pelvis

A pelvic configuration in which the pubis points backward, characteristic of ornithischian dinosaurs and also …

Osteoderms

Bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures in the skin. Found in ankylosaurs, stegosaurs, …

Pneumaticity

The presence of air-filled cavities in bones, connected to the respiratory system. Found in theropods …

Postcranial

All skeletal elements behind and below the skull. Postcranial anatomy includes the vertebral column, limbs, …

Predentary Bone

A small unpaired bone at the tip of the lower jaw, unique to ornithischian dinosaurs. …

Supraorbital

Located above the eye socket. Supraorbital ridges or horns are prominent in many theropods and …

Thagomizer

The spiked tail arrangement of stegosaurid dinosaurs. The term was coined from a Far Side …